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The University of Paris ((フランス語:L'Université de Paris)), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was a French university, founded circa 1150 in Paris, France, recognised 1200 by King Philip II and 1215 by Pope Innocent III, as one of the first universities.〔Haskins, C. H.: ''The Rise of Universities'', page 292. Henry Holt and Company, 1923.〕 It quickly became reputed for its academic performance especially in the domains of theology and philosophy, and introduced the system of student nations. The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne after its collegiate institution, Collège de Sorbonne, founded around 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. Following the turbulence of the French Revolution, the University of Paris was suspended in 1793 but revived in 1896. In 1970, the university was divided into 13 autonomous universities. ==Origin and early organization== Like other medieval universities (Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca, Cambridge, Padua), the University of Paris was well established by the time it was formally founded by the Catholic Church in 1200.〔Rubenstein, Richard E.: ''Aristotle's Children'', page 161. Harvest Books, 2004.〕 The earliest historical reference to the university as such is found in Matthew of Paris' reference to the studies of his own teacher (an abbot of St. Albans) and his acceptance into "the fellowship of the elect Masters" at the university of Paris in about 1170.〔(§1. "The University of Paris. X.", in ''English Scholars of Paris and Franciscans of Oxford.'' Vol. 1. ''From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. The Cambridge History of English and...'' )〕 Additionally, it is known that Pope Innocent III had completed his studies at the University of Paris by 1182 at the age of 21. The university developed as a corporation around the Notre Dame Cathedral, similar to other medieval corporations, such as guilds of merchants or artisans. The medieval Latin term, ''universitas,'' had the more general meaning of a guild. The university of Paris was known as a ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' (a guild of masters and scholars), in contrast with the Bolognese ''universitas scholarium.'' The university had four faculties: Arts, Medicine, Law, and Theology. The Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank, but also the largest, as students had to graduate there in order to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four ''nationes'' according to language or regional origin: France, Normandy, Picardy, and England. The last came to be known as the ''Alemannian'' (German) nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply: the English-German nation included students from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. The faculty and nation system of the University of Paris (along with that of the University of Bologna) became the model for all later medieval universities. Under the governance of the Church, students wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in tonsure, to signify they were under the protection of the church. Students followed the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the king's laws or courts. This presented problems for the city of Paris, as students ran wild, and its official had to appeal to Church courts for justice. Students were often very young, entering the school at age 13 or 14 and staying for 6 to 12 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「University of Paris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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